During and after the cardiopulmonary surgery and the patient’s stay in the intensive care unit and on the ward, there is a risk of developing a healthcare associated infections (HCAI). The possibility of developing HCAI in cardiosurgical patients is dependent on certain risk factors; elderly patients, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus, duration of extracorporeal circulation, duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, long-term use of mechanical circulation support, type and duration of surgical intervention, postoperative admission of vasoactive drugs and transfusion blood derivatives, presence of colonization or infection.

Providing the standard protective measures of care for every patient is necessary, including the use of personal protective equipment, hand hygiene, safe handling of infectious waste, safe handling of the sharp objects, decontamination of the equipment and the patient’s surroundings. In addition to the standard protection measures, it is important to emphasize that there are additional protection measures that depend on the transmission of the causative agent by contact, air or drop and accordingly carry out patient isolation measures, and the most common is a contact isolation. In providing everyday health care, it is important to properly carry out the hand hygiene while complying with the concept of My Five Moments for Hand Hygiene according to the World Health Organization guidelines and the application of the Hand Hygiene Guidelines in health care facilities. (1) In preventing the occurrence of HACI, it is important to recognize and prevent hospital infections through the implementation of adequate measures.