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<article article-type="abstract" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CC</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cardiol Croat</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Cardiologia Croatica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Cardiol. Croat.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1848-543X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1848-5448</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Croatian Cardiac Society</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CC_14(3-4)_80</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15836/ccar2019.80</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Extended Abstract</subject></subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Subvalvular aortic stenosis (subaortic stenosis): a case series</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2818-0501</contrib-id><name><surname>Sijamija</surname><given-names>Alma</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6228-6230</contrib-id><name><surname>Granov</surname><given-names>Nermir</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2645-1558</contrib-id><name><surname>Perva</surname><given-names>Omer</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4737-0183</contrib-id><name><surname>Aladjuz</surname><given-names>Lejla Granov</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-395X</contrib-id><name><surname>Begovi&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Berka</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7186-7803</contrib-id><name><surname>Had&#x017E;i&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Ned&#x017E;ad</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>1</label>Travnik General Hospital, Travnik, Bosnia and Herzegovina</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>2</label>Clinical Center University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><label>3</label>Bugojno General Hospital, Bugojno, Bosnia and Herzegovina</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Alma Sijamija, J.U. Bolnica Travnik, Kalibunar bb, 72270 Travnik, Bosna and Herzegovina. / Phone: +387-61-780-085 / E-mail: <email xlink:href="alma.sijamija@hotmail.com">alma.sijamija@hotmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><month>04</month><year>2019</year></pub-date>
<volume>14</volume>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<fpage>80</fpage>
<lpage>81</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received"><day>28</day><month>02</month><year>2019</year></date><date><day>24</day><month>03</month><year>2019</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-year>2019</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Croatian Cardiac Society</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>KEYWORDS: </title><kwd>subvalvular aortic stenosis</kwd><kwd>subaortic membrane</kwd><kwd>septal myectomy</kwd></kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p><bold>Introduction:</bold> Subvalvular aortic stenosis, which may have a dynamic component, may be due to a fibrous membrane, muscular obstruction, or a combination of the 2 (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><italic>1</italic></xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2"><italic>2</italic></xref>). About 50% of patients with a subaortic membrane also have leakage of the aortic valve. Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstructive lesions account for approximately 6 percent of cases of congenital heart disease in children; the incidence was estimated to be 6 in 10,000 live births (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r3"><italic>3</italic></xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r4"><italic>4</italic></xref>). Subvalvar aortic stenosis (AS) is the second most common form of AS. Among children with congenital AS, subvalvar AS accounts for 10 to 14 percent of cases (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r4"><italic>4</italic></xref>). Subvalvar AS is more common in males, who account for 67 to 75 percent of cases (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r4"><italic>4</italic></xref>). Patients with severe or untreated subaortic stenosis may be at risk for sudden cardiac death. An echocardiogram will show the level and severity of the obstruction. It will also show if the left ventricle is thickened or enlarged. The progression is often very slow. This is especially true in people whose obstructions are not detected until they are adults. Surgery may be necessary to stop the progression of subaortic stenosis.</p>
<p><bold>Case 1:</bold> 25-year-old female patient was admitted on our department, resuscitated and afterward intubated due to ventricular fibrillation. Her condition was additionally complicated by allergy reaction and signs of acute respiratory distress syndrome. In the age of 6 verified CHA. TTE show hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy (HOCM) with PGmean 76mmHg and PGmax 142mmHg in LVOT. Two months later she underwent surgical operation of septal myectomy. 10 years later she is healthy and gave two births.</p>
<p><bold>Case 2.</bold> 36-years-old female patient, growth with developmental difficulties, adipose with amaurose. Within the preoperative preparation for cholecystectomy operation was diagnosed for HOCM (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1"><bold>Figure 1</bold></xref>, <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2"><bold>Figure 2</bold></xref>), subvalvular subaortic membrane (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3"><bold>Figure 3</bold></xref>), with high gradients of subaortic stenosis, PG mean 54mmHg in the LVOT and mild aortic valve regurgitation (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4"><bold>Figures 4-6</bold></xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5"></xref><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6"></xref>). After cholecystectomy operation, she was scheduled for surgical correction of HOCM.</p>
<fig id="f1" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 1</label><caption><p>The concentric left ventricular hypertrophy; IVSd: 1.7cm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC_14(3-4)_80-f1"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f2" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 2</label><caption><p>The concentric left ventricular hypertrophy; IVSd: 2.3cm.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC_14(3-4)_80-f2"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f3" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 3</label><caption><p>The presence of a subaortic membrane (small white arrow).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC_14(3-4)_80-f3"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f4" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 4</label><caption><p>A subaortic membrane with severe stenosis gradient, moderate aortic regurgitation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC_14(3-4)_80-f4"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f5" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 5</label><caption><p>The presence of aortic regurgitation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC_14(3-4)_80-f5"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f6" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 6</label><caption><p>Quantification of aortic regurgitation using continuous wave Doppler.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC_14(3-4)_80-f6"></graphic></fig>
<p><bold>Conclusion:</bold> Although the development of left ventricular hypertrophy or aortic regurgitation is a clear indication for operation, the timing of intervention in the otherwise asymptomatic patient remains a point of controversy.</p>
</body>
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<ref-list>
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