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<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CC</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cardiol Croat</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Cardiologia Croatica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Cardiol. Croat.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1848-543X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1848-5448</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Croatian Cardiac Society</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CC 2022 18_5-6_140</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15836/ccar2023.140</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Extended Abstract</subject></subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: is it just &#x201C;broken heart&#x201D; syndrome or something more?</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5431-9736</contrib-id><name><surname>Angebrandt-Belo&#x0161;evi&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Petra</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-4768</contrib-id><name><surname>Do&#x0161;en</surname><given-names>Dejan</given-names></name></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6622-7572</contrib-id><name><surname>Sli&#x0161;kovi&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Ana Marija</given-names></name></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2641-4768</contrib-id><name><surname>Margeti&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Eduard</given-names></name></contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><institution>University Hospital Centre Zagreb</institution>, <addr-line>Zagreb</addr-line>, <country country="hr">Croatia</country></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Petra Angebrandt Belo&#x0161;evi&#x0107;, Klini&#x010D;ki bolni&#x010D;ki centar Zagreb, Ki&#x0161;pati&#x0107;eva 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. / Phone: +385-1-2367-894 / E-mail: <email xlink:href="petraang37@yahoo.com">petraang37@yahoo.com</email></corresp></author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epub-ppub"><month>04</month><year>2023</year></pub-date>
<volume>18</volume>
<issue>5-6</issue>
<fpage>140</fpage>
<lpage>140</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received"><day>20</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>29</day><month>03</month><year>2023</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Croatian Cardiac Society</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>KEYWORDS: </title><kwd>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy</kwd><kwd>heart failure</kwd><kwd>left ventricular outflow obstruction</kwd></kwd-group>
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<p><bold>Introduction</bold>: Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM), also known as stress cardiomyopathy, or &#x201C;broken heart&#x201D; syndrome, occurs in the setting of catecholamine surge from an acute stressor. This syndrome mimics acute myocardial infarction in the absence of coronary disease. The classic feature of this syndrome is regional wall motion abnormalities with characteristic ballooning of the left ventricle. The etiology of the stressor is often physical or emotional stress. Echocardiography identification of wall motion abnormalities is crucial in diagnostic approach. Apical, typical type is most common, but some fewer common variants have been reported as well. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><italic>1</italic></xref>, <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2"><italic>2</italic></xref>)</p>
<p><bold>Case report</bold>: We will present 3 patients with unusual clinical presentation of TCM. The first patient had characteristic apical type with depressed mid and apical segments and hyperkinesis of the basal walls (apical ballooning). The second patient had reverse or inverted TCM with hypokinesis of the base with sparing of the midventricle and apex. This type is present in only 2.2% of patients. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><italic>1</italic></xref>) The third patient manifested as cardiogenic shock where echocardiography revealed typical TCM with left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, which caused reduced cardiac output and signs of sock. (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1"><bold>Figure 1</bold></xref>) All three patients were female and had initially significantly reduced global systolic function of the myocardium. One patient had secondary TCM due to malignancy, and the other two had primary TCM due to extreme emotional stress right before developing symptoms. In follow up period two of three patients had recovered completely in global systolic function and with no other cardiac complications. Control echocardiography for third patient has not jet been made.</p>
<fig id="f1" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 1</label><caption><p>Apical four chamber view of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC202218_5-6_140-f1"></graphic></fig>
<p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: There are many aspects of TCM that are still not completely understood, and even though medical society knows about this phenomenon over 30 years, it is only recently gained increased recognition. Although TCM is thought to be a benign condition and most patients recover completely, the recent observation data suggest that cardiogenic shock and and death rates are comparable to patients with acute coronary syndrome. (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><italic>1</italic></xref>) The aim of this abstract was to show less common clinical presentations of TCM and its complications.</p>
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<ref-list>
<title>LITERATURE</title>
<ref id="r1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="book">Ahmad SA, Brito D, Khalid N, Ibrahim MA. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. 2022 Mar 24. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan&#x2013;.</mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="r2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Barmore</surname><given-names>W</given-names></name><name><surname>Patel</surname><given-names>H</given-names></name><name><surname>Harrell</surname><given-names>S</given-names></name><name><surname>Garcia</surname><given-names>D</given-names></name><name><surname>Calkins</surname><given-names>JB</given-names><suffix>Jr</suffix></name></person-group>. <article-title>Takotsubo cardiomyopathy: A comprehensive review.</article-title> <source>World J Cardiol</source>. <year>2022</year> June 26;<volume>14</volume>(<issue>6</issue>):<fpage>355</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>62</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.4330/wjc.v14.i6.355</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">35979181</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref>
</ref-list>
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