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<article article-type="abstract" dtd-version="1.0" xml:lang="en" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">CC</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Cardiol Croat</journal-id>
<journal-title-group>
<journal-title>Cardiologia Croatica</journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="pubmed">Cardiol. Croat.</abbrev-journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1848-543X</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1848-5448</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Croatian Cardiac Society</publisher-name></publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">CC 2025 20_1-2_8-9</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15836/ccar2025.8</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Extended Abstract</subject></subj-group>
<subj-group subj-group-type="subheading"><subject>Acute Coronary Syndromes</subject></subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group>
<article-title>Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction with acute left main coronary artery occlusion and a trifurcation</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9132-1568</contrib-id><name><surname>Radi&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Davor</given-names></name><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">*</xref></contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-363X</contrib-id><name><surname>Margeti&#x0107;</surname><given-names>Eduard</given-names></name></contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><institution>University Hospital Centre Zagreb</institution>, <addr-line>Zagreb</addr-line>, <country country="hr">Croatia</country></aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes>
<corresp id="cor1"><label>*</label>ADDRESS FOR CORRESPONDENCE: Davor Radi&#x0107;, Klini&#x010D;ki bolni&#x010D;ki centar Zagreb, Ki&#x0161;pati&#x0107;eva 12, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia. / Phone: +385-95-8499-366 / E-mail: <email xlink:href="davorradic5@gmail.com">davorradic5@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic"><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date>
<pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="print"><month>03</month><year>2025</year></pub-date>
<volume>20</volume>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<fpage>8</fpage>
<lpage>9</lpage>
<history>
<date date-type="received"><day>04</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date>
<date><day>14</day><month>02</month><year>2025</year></date>
</history>
<permissions>
<copyright-statement>Croatian Cardiac Society</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2025</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Croatian Cardiac Society</copyright-holder>
</permissions>
<kwd-group kwd-group-type="author"><title>KEYWORDS: </title><kwd>Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction</kwd><kwd>left main coronary artery</kwd><kwd>trifurcation</kwd></kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<body>
<p><bold>Introduction</bold>: Acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery is a rare event but with high mortality (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r1"><italic>1</italic></xref>). As the LMCA (left main coronary artery) is responsible for the blood supply of the whole left ventricular muscle and the anterior two-thirds of the interventricular septum and the whole septum if dominant, its sudden occlusion is a life-threatening condition causing malignant arrhythmias and cardiogenic shock (<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="r2"><italic>2</italic></xref>).</p>
<p><bold>Case report</bold>: We present a 59-year-old patient who was admitted to the Coronary Care Unit because of non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). The patient had no prior medical history. The patient was initally hemodynamically stable and urgent coronary angiography was performed. RCA (right coronary artery) had moderate stenoses in the proximal and distal part and gave collaterals to the left system (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1"><bold>Figure 1</bold></xref>). Initial angiogram showed acute occlusion of the LMCA (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2"><bold>Figure 2</bold></xref>). After wire passage and extensive predilatations, it was evident that LMCA had a trifurcation-LAD (left anterior descending artery), RIM (ramus intermedius), and LCx (left circumflex artery). Additional protective wires were placed in LCx and RIM (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3"><bold>Figure 3</bold></xref>). During the procedure, the patient became hypotensive, so dobutamine and noradrenalin were administered in continuos infusion which stabilized the patient. We opted for a provisional approach and 3 drug-eluting stents (DES) (2.75/33 mm, 3.0/23 mm, and 3.5/38 mm) were placed from mid-LAD to ostial LMCA. Stents were post-dilated with NC (noncompliant) balloons 3.0/15 mm and 4.0/15 mm with a nice final result and TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction) 3 flow in all 3 vessels (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4"><bold>Figure 4</bold></xref>). The patient was returned to the Coronary Care Unit in stable condition and the next day weaned of inotropes and vasopressors. During hospitalization, an echo showed mildly reduced ejection fraction (45%) of the left ventricle, without valvular disease or pulmonary hypertension.</p>
<fig id="f1" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 1</label><caption><p>Right coronary artery with moderate stenoses in the proximal and distal part.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC202520_1-2_8-9-f1"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f2" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 2</label><caption><p>Acute occlusion of the left main coronary artery.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC202520_1-2_8-9-f2"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f3" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 3</label><caption><p>Left main coronary artery trifurcation.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC202520_1-2_8-9-f3"></graphic></fig>
<fig id="f4" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 4</label><caption><p>Final result after placement of 3 drug eluting stents.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC202520_1-2_8-9-f4"></graphic></fig>
<p><bold>Conclusion</bold>: After a total of 7 days, the patient was discharged home from the hospital with dual antiplatelet therapy (aspirin and ticagrelor), statin, betablocker, ACE inhibitor, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. The patient underwent another coronary angiography 19 months after the initial event. Coronary angiography showed patent stents in the LAD and LMCA and patent RIM and LCx (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5"><bold>Figure 5</bold></xref>). He now had significant stenosis of the distal RCA which was treated with an implantation of 1 DES.</p>
<fig id="f5" position="float" fig-type="figure"><label>FIGURE 5</label><caption><p>Repeat coronary angiography after 19 months.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="CC202520_1-2_8-9-f5"></graphic></fig>
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<ref-list>
<title>LITERATURE</title>
<ref id="r1"><label>1</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Calv&#x00E3;o</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><name><surname>Braga</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Brand&#x00E3;o</surname><given-names>M</given-names></name><name><surname>Campinas</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Alexandre</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Amador</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><etal/></person-group> <article-title>Acute total occlusion of the unprotected left main coronary artery: Patient characteristics and outcomes.</article-title> <source>Rev Port Cardiol</source>. <year>2023</year> August;<volume>42</volume>(<issue>8</issue>):<fpage>723</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>9</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.repc.2022.11.007</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">37094728</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref>
<ref id="r2"><label>2</label><mixed-citation publication-type="journal"><person-group person-group-type="author"><name><surname>Ibdah</surname><given-names>RK</given-names></name><name><surname>Alrabadi</surname><given-names>N</given-names></name><name><surname>Rawashdeh</surname><given-names>SI</given-names></name><name><surname>Al-Ksassbeh</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Habib</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><name><surname>Hijazi</surname><given-names>EA</given-names></name></person-group>. <article-title>44 years-old male patient surviving total occlusion of the left main coronary artery (STEMI) accompanied with cardiogenic shock.</article-title> <source>Ann Med Surg (Lond)</source>. <year>2020</year> November 27;<volume>60</volume>:<fpage>610</fpage>&#x2013;<lpage>3</lpage>. <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.amsu.2020.11.062</pub-id><pub-id pub-id-type="pmid">33304573</pub-id></mixed-citation></ref>
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